The major causes of urolithiasis are systemic diseases, anatomic abnormalities in the urinary system and prescription drugs. Listed below are the frequent causes of stone formation in the urinary system.
Systemic Diseases
Primary Hyperthyroidism
Renal tubular acidosis
Cystinuria
Gout
Diabetes Mellitus
Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Sarcoidosis
Medullary Sponge Kidney
Anatomic Abnormalities
Horse shoe kidney
Previous Urinary Diversion
PUJ Obstruction
Solitary Kidney
Previous Surgery/ disease of kidney
UTI/ Pyelonephritis
Family history of urolithiasis
Previous Stone formation
Drugs
Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
Ephedrine
Guafenasin
Calcium + Vitamin D
Triamterine
Indinavir
Sulfadiazine
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