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Infections
Tuberculosis
Bronchiectasis
Pneumonia
Acute and Chronic Bronchitis/Tracheitis
Lung abscess (bacterial, tuberculous, amebiasis)
Fungal infections (aspergillus, mucor)
Cystic Fibrosis

Tumours
Carcinoma Lung
Bronchial carcinoid
Bronchial Adenoma

Cardiovascular
Mitral stenosis
Aortic aneurysm communicating with tracheobronchial tree
Arterio-venous fistula with bronchial communication
Left ventricular failure

Pulmonary vascular
Pulmonary thromboembolism
Pulmonary veno-occlusive disease
Pulmonary infarction
Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis
Pulmonary hypertension

Vasculitis causing alveolar hemorrhage
Goodpasture’s syndrome
Wegener’s granulomatosis
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Behcet’s disease
Systemic sclerosis
Mixed connective tissue disorder

Trauma
Foreign body
Rib fracture
Blunt trauma chest
Inhalation injury due to burns
Stab and gunshot injury to thorax
Broncholith

Blood dyscrasias
Hemophilia
Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

Iatrogenic
Endobronchial biopsies from vascular tumours,
Pulmonary artery puncture by swan-ganz catheter
Trans bronchial lung biopsy
Post pneumonectomy and lobectomy

Drug induced
Anti-coagulants like warfarin
Isocyanates,
Nitrofurantoin
D-pencillamine
Trimetallic anhydride

Rarer Causes
Catamenial hemoptysis
Post coital hemoptysis
Scurvy
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Violent cough causing bronchial mucosal tear
Pulmonary Hemosiderosis
Bronchial telangiectasia
Serratia marcescens pneumonia (pseudohemoptysis)
Pneumoconiosis
Dieulafoy disease - abnormal superficial vessel

Cryptogenic Hemoptysis – cause unclear after through investigations

Further Reading

Management of Massive Hemoptysis

History of Bronchoscopy